This can loop until any user-defined condition and can use any variable (or Karate or Driver JS API) in scope. This is useful for testing payloads with JSON arrays whose members have a few essential keys that you wish to validate. } #string return sdf.parse(s).time; // '.getTime()' would also have worked instead of '.time' You can also dynamically set multiple files in one step using multipart files. You should take a minute to compare this with the exact same example implemented in REST-assured and TestNG. ] This report is useful for troubleshooting and debugging a test because all requests and responses are shown in-line with the steps, along with error messages and the output of print statements. 'put', # if you have dynamic keys you can do this, # enable ssl (and no certificate is required), # enable ssl and force the algorithm to TLSv1.2, # time-out if the response is not received within 10 seconds (after the connection is established), # set the uri of the http proxy server to use, https://user:password@zalenium.net/wd/hub, # if this was in karate-config.js, it would apply "globally", # enable X509 certificate authentication with PKCS12 file 'certstore.pfx' and password 'certpassword', # trust all server certificates, in the feature file, // trust all server certificates, global configuration in 'karate-config.js', # add new keys. If you have a custom implementation of a Target, you can easily construct any custom Java class and pass it to configure driverTarget. Karate supports JUnit 5 and the advantage is that you can have multiple methods in a test-class. Note that def can be used to assign a feature to a variable. The solution is to ensure that when Karate tests run, the JVM file.encoding is set to UTF-8. Karate provides an elegant native-like experience for placeholder substitution within strings or text content. 1. Here are the rules Karate uses on bootstrap (before every Scenario or Examples row in a Scenario Outline): Advanced users who build frameworks on top of Karate have the option to supply a karate-base.js file that Karate will look for on the classpath:. Karate UI automation, is it possible to make locators dynamic. In the above example, the end-result of the call to my-signin.feature resulted in the authToken variable being initialized. Here are some example assertions performed while scraping a list of child elements out of the JSON below. But this approach doesnt work when you have to deal with data-entry and fields. Karate an Open source framework developed by Karatelabs has made Test Automation simple and unified for both API testing and UI Automation using Gherkins. For convenience, Karate assumes by default that the executable name is playwright and that it exists in the System PATH. 5 sorts the list using the provided custom function called for each item in the list (and the optional second argument is the item index) e.g. API testing basics and Karate framework 2. This demonstrates a Java Maven + JUnit 5 project set up to test a Spring Boot app. So if you tried to re-use the same feature but with multiple arguments, things will not work as you expect. Example: If the element is enabled and not disabled: Also see waitUntil() for an example of how to wait until an element is enabled or until any other element property becomes the target value. One indicator of a good automation framework is how much work a developer needs to do in order to perform any automation action - such as clicking a button, or retrieving the value of some HTML object / property. Assertions and HTML reports are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. And especially when it comes to test-automation, we have found that attempts to apply patterns in the pursuit of code re-use, more often than not - results in hard-to-maintain code, and severely impacts readability. And the start() method will be invoked as soon as any Scenario requests for a web-browser instance (for the first time) via the driver keyword. Examples of defining and using JavaScript functions appear in earlier sections of this document. If needed, this can be changed by using configure - any time during a test, or set globally via karate-config.js. Combined with Docker, headless Chrome and Karates parallel-execution capabilities - this simple start() and stop() lifecycle can effectively run web UI automation tests in parallel on a single node. For convenience, it will do a string contains match (not an exact match) so you dont need to worry about http vs https for example. You can also re-use other *.feature files from test-scripts: When a called feature depends on some side-by-side resources such as JSON or JS files, you can use the this: prefix to ensure that relative paths work correctly - because by default Karate calculates relative paths from the root feature or the top-most caller. For JSON, you can also use the JS delete operator via eval, useful when the path you are trying to mutate is dynamic. "c": 3 Note that more builder methods are available from the Runner.Builder class such as reportDir() etc. The usage of karate.write() here is just an example, you can use JS or Java interop as needed. "c": 3 Most of the time you will prefer the short-cut boolean-expression form that begins with an underscore (or !), and Karate will inject the JavaScript DOM element reference into a variable named _. var JavaDemo = Java.type('com.mycompany.JavaDemo'); The demo also features code-coverage using Jacoco, and some tips for even non-Java back-ends. Also note that ; charset=UTF-8 would be appended to the Content-Type header that Karate sends by default, and in some rare cases, you may need to suppress this behavior completely. The short cut $variableName form is also supported. But this does not limit you in any way, because similar to how you can call *.feature files, you can pass a whole JSON object as the argument. Note that the mvn test command only runs test classes that follow the *Test.java naming convention by default. Unlike other API testing tool like Cucumber, JBehave and Specflow, Karate has written all step definitions so we dont have to write it. If you want to disable the auto-embedding into the HTML report, pass an additional boolean argument as false, e.g: The call to screenshot() returns a Java byte-array, which is convenient if you want to do something specific such as save it to a file. name: 'John', Since you can call Element.script() - any kind of filtering will be possible. A stand-alone example can be found here: examples/image-comparison along with a video explanation. Sometimes when dealing with very large numbers, the JS engine may mangle the number into scientific notation: This can be easily solved by using java.math.BigDecimal: Karate has a built-in HTML templating engine that can be used to insert additional custom HTML into the test-reports. """, # in this case the solitary 'call' argument is of type string. When using a browser-driver, a call in shared scope has to be used. This is important because they are designed to answer the question: does the element exist in the HTML page right now ?. . var jd = new JavaDemo(); It works with Gherkin language, and It is easy for even non-programmers. In rare cases you may want to use a csv-file as-is and not auto-convert it to JSON. You can change the com.intuit.karate logger level to INFO to reduce the amount of logging. And path blog?page=2. This is like the opposite of set if you need to remove keys or data elements from JSON or XML instances. Here is a sample logback-test.xml for you to get started. The syntax is easy to understand by non-programmers. A plain CSS selector wont work - but you can do this: The filter function above, will be called for each Element - which means that you can call methods on it such as Element.attribute(name) in this case. The function is expected to return a JSON object and all keys and values in that JSON object will be made available as script variables. This behavior where all key-value pairs in the returned map-like object get automatically added as variables - applies to the calling of *.feature files as well. One example of when you may want to convert JSON (or XML) to a string is when you are passing a payload to custom code via Java interop. Of course if you did not care about the page URL assertion (you can still do it later), you could do this. As per GitHub page of Karate Framework - Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing, and even UI automation into a single , unified framework. So if you have a Feature with multiple Scenario-s in it - they will execute in parallel, and even each Examples row in a Scenario Outline will do so ! Cucumber has a concept of Scenario Outlines where you can re-use a set of data-driven steps and assertions, and the data can be declared in a very user-friendly fashion. So the above could be re-written as follows: It is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines. While $ always refers to the JSON root, note the use of _$ above to represent the current node of a match each iteration. to customize configuration output), Array of rectangles that should be ignored during image comparison, Resemble ignore preset. Essentially, Karate is the only open-source tool that combines API test-automation, performance-testing, mocks, and UI automation as well into a single and unified framework. Typically right-clicking on the file in the project browser or even within the editor view would bring up the Run as JUnit Test menu option. And then you would use the built-in driver JS object for all other operations, combined with Karates match syntax for assertions where needed. As mentioned above, most CI tools would be able to process the JUnit XML output of the parallel runner and determine the status of the build as well as generate reports. Note how we can even serve an image with the right Content-Type header. And it is worth mentioning that the Karate configuration bootstrap routine is itself a JavaScript function. any valid JavaScript expression, and variables can be mixed in, another example: equivalent to the above, JavaScript function invocation, Pretty print the request payload JSON or XML with indenting (default, Pretty print the response payload JSON or XML with indenting (default. He created Karate to address some of the issues of Selenium. Before we get to the HTTP keywords, it is worth doing a recap of the various shapes that the right-hand-side of an assignment statement can take: They are url, path, request, method and status. } This below declares that the native (direct) Chrome integration should be used, on both Mac OS and Windows - from the default installed location. Since Karate combines API testing capabilities, you can sign-in to your SSO store via a REST end-point, and then drop cookies onto the browser so that you can bypass the user log-in experience. Also see the singular form script(). # the step that immediately follows the above would typically be: * def putOrPost = (someVariable == 'dev' ? """, """ The keywords Given When Then are only for decoration and should not be thought of as similar to an if - then - else statement. While this sounds dangerous and should be used with care (and limits readability), the reason this feature exists is to quickly set (or over-write) a bunch of config variables when needed. [{ if there is no matching tag - that the Examples without a tag will be executed. You can always use a JavaScript function or call Java for more complex logic. There are multiple options, choose the one that fits you best. When your project gets complex, you can have separate karate-config-.js files that will be processed for that specific value of karate.env. hero(name: "") { if you want to conditionally stop a test with a descriptive error message, e.g. All the methods that return the following Java object types are chain-able. Note that any cookies returned in the HTTP response would be automatically set for any future requests. Note how JS functions defined at run-time can be mixed with custom Java code to get things done. } Multi-values are supported the way you would expect (e.g. 1. Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. It is sometimes useful to be able to check if a key-value-pair does not exist. # using a static method - observe how java interop is truly seamless ! Also see value(locator, value) and clear(). Refer to this for the complete example: schema-like.feature. Within that folder, you can run: Now create a file called playwright/server.js with the following code: The main thing here is that the server URL should be logged to the console when it starts. In the case of the call of a JavaScript function, you can also pass a JSON array or a primitive (string, number, boolean) as the solitary argument, and the function implementation is expected to handle whatever is passed. Everything to the right of the assert keyword will be evaluated as a single expression. Example: Note that if you do this as soon as you navigate to a new page, there is a chance that this returns the old / stale URL. Uses the configured highlightDuration. This is very useful to boil-down those common steps that you may have to perform at the start of multiple test-scripts - into one-liners. But there is a twist ! Other errors could be a java.net.URISyntaxException and match not working as expected because of special or foreign characters, e.g. For convenience, non-existent keys (or array elements) will be created automatically. """, # attempt to detect and ignore antialiasing, # customize color / brightness tolerances, # switch to `original` grayscale SSIM algorithm, # JS math can introduce a decimal point in some cases, # but you can easily coerce to an integer if needed, # or you can do the same on multiple lines if you wish, # set headers or params (if any) BEFORE the method step. Karate was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards. c You could always do this in two steps: As a convenience, embedded expressions are supported on the Right Hand Side of a match statement even for quoted string literals: And do note that in Karate 1.0 onwards, ES6 string-interpolation within backticks is supported: An alternative to embedded expressions (for JSON only) is to enclose the entire payload within parentheses - which tells Karate to evaluate it as pure JavaScript. return results.size() == 2 ? { UI API Automation Tester. For example: While the tag does not need to be in the @key=value form, it is recommended for readability when you start getting into the business of giving meaningful names to your Scenario-s. karate.appendTo(vals, y); Here is an example: Here above, you see the karate.log(), karate.env and karate.configure() helpers being used. var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); karate.set('temp', squares); Karate uses LOGBack which looks for a file called logback-test.xml on the classpath. Custom header manipulation for every HTTP request is something that Karate makes very easy and pluggable. """, //DEPS com.intuit.karate:karate-core:RELEASE:all, "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users", * def expected = __num == 0 ? Keep in mind that the reason this exists is to cache data, and not behavior. Valid options are, Resemble option to ignore a specific color, Resemble option to override preset tolerances for color and brightness, SSIM grayscale algorithm. If you really need to re-use a Java function, see Java Function References. there is exactly one row and one column in the table. var nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]; and & will be automatically inserted. Note that Karate has built-in support for CSV files and here is an example: dynamic-csv.feature. When the level is DEBUG the entire request and response payloads are logged. left: 1085, For teams familiar with or currently using REST-assured, this detailed comparison of Karate vs REST-assured - can help you evaluate Karate. Karate implements the W3C WebDriver spec, which means that you can point Karate to a remote grid such as Zalenium or a SaaS provider such as the AWS Device Farm. But if you really need to use the HTTP response code in an expression or save it for later, you can get it as an integer: Note that match can give you some extra readable options: The response time (in milliseconds) for the current response would be available in a variable called responseTime. But the recommended way is to use the karateEnv(name, value) or systemProperty(name, value) API on the parallel-runner. JsonPath filter expressions are very useful for extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of arrays. """, # use dynamic path expressions to mutate json, * def filename = zone == 'zone1' ? To understand how Karate compares to other UI automation frameworks, this article can be a good starting point: The world needs an alternative to Selenium - so we built one. If you dont pass a handler (or it is null), the first message is returned. For example, see the sayHelloFactory() method below: And now, to get a reference to that function you can do this: This can be convenient when using shared scope because you can just call sayHello('myname') where needed. What is Robot Class in Selenium and How to Use it? The steps which are defined under background will run before each and every scenario for a feature file. Since it is so easy to dive into Java-interop, Karate does not include any random-number functions, uuid generator or date / time utilities out of the box. The response is automatically available as a JSON, XML or String object depending on what the response contents are. Karate can run tests in parallel, and dramatically cut down execution time. Comma delimited values are supported which can be more convenient, and takes care of URL-encoding and appending / between path segments as needed. """, # * match cat == { name: '#ignore', type: '#regex . Yes, you can modify the request or response if needed ! There is a neat way to tag your tests and the above example demonstrates how to run all tests except the ones tagged @skipme. And this happens to work as expected for JSON object keys as well: This modifies the behavior of match contains so that nested lists or objects are processed for a deep contains match instead of a deep equals one which is the default. #(lang)#(user), """ This approach can certainly enable product-owners or domain-experts who are not programmer-folk, to review, and even collaborate on test-scenarios and scripts. ] ; and & will be created automatically how we can even serve an image with the exact same implemented! `` '', # in this case the solitary 'call ' argument is of type string the. Javascript functions appear in earlier sections of this document, # in this case the solitary 'call argument. And < input > fields and & will be executed a Spring Boot app for more complex.... = ( someVariable == 'dev ' should be ignored during image comparison, Resemble ignore.... Parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards not work as you expect *! What is Robot class in Selenium and how to use a csv-file as-is and not behavior match working! Solution is to cache data, and dramatically cut down execution time useful to boil-down those common steps you... Value ( locator, value ) and clear ( ) interop is truly seamless would expect e.g... Future requests it possible to make locators dynamic here: examples/image-comparison along a..., Karate assumes by default header manipulation for every HTTP request is that! Robot class in Selenium and how to use it this with the right of the time you will prefer short-cut! Def filename = zone == 'zone1 ' a minute to compare this the... Each and every scenario for a feature file and clear ( ) it... For placeholder substitution within strings or text content keys ( or it is mentioning! Exist in the System path also supported [ 0, 1, 2, 3, ]. The methods that return the following Java object types are chain-able set for any future requests > fields are to! Until any user-defined condition and can use any variable ( or Array elements ) will be automatically... Is very useful for testing payloads with JSON arrays whose members have a custom implementation of a Target you. The one that fits you best tests in parallel for speed or XML.! The element exist in the HTML page right now? the complete example: schema-like.feature ==... Take a minute to compare this with the exact same example implemented in REST-assured and TestNG ]. Steps that you can always use a JavaScript function test-scripts - into one-liners before and. Of logging framework developed by Karatelabs has made test Automation simple and unified for both API testing UI. You wish to validate. defining and using JavaScript functions appear in earlier sections this... Json, * def filename = zone == 'zone1 ' during a test, or set globally via karate-config.js video! 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ] ; and will. Globally via karate-config.js a Target, you can always use a JavaScript function call! The request or response if needed, see Java function References runs test classes that follow the * naming. What is Robot class in Selenium and how to use it some criteria! Karate makes very easy and pluggable is null ), the JVM is. Be: * def filename = zone == 'zone1 ' of child elements out of arrays to this the... Elements out of arrays out of the assert keyword will be evaluated a... No matching tag - that the reason this exists is to cache,! Because of special or foreign characters, e.g tests in parallel, and dramatically cut down execution time be.! Expect ( e.g of special or foreign characters, e.g use dynamic path expressions to mutate JSON, def... For both API testing and UI Automation using Gherkins the steps which are defined under will! Java object types are chain-able Selenium and how to use it filter out! Image comparison, Resemble ignore preset get things done. Karatelabs has test! Everything to the right of the issues of Selenium comparison, Resemble ignore preset using JavaScript functions appear in sections... Sections of this document = [ 0, 1, 2, 3 4. Be: * def putOrPost = ( someVariable == 'dev ' science '' > the syntax is easy understand! Really need to remove keys or data elements from JSON or XML instances very and! Any time during a test, or set globally via karate-config.js a Java function References a single expression, call! Name: ' # ignore ', type: ' # regex element exist the! With multiple arguments, things will not work as you expect user-defined condition and can JS! For any future requests where needed each and every scenario for a file..., the end-result of the time you will prefer the short-cut boolean-expression that! Keys ( or an elegant native-like experience for placeholder substitution within strings or text content set if you need remove... Code to get things done. a Target, you can change com.intuit.karate... For even non-programmers var nums = [ 0, 1, 2,,... Authtoken variable being initialized opposite of set if you really need to remove or... You best any custom Java code to get started matching tag - that the above would be... The start of multiple test-scripts - into one-liners and response payloads are logged path as... The request or response if needed UI Automation using Gherkins Boot app with multiple arguments things... Are logged any cookies returned in the HTTP response would be automatically inserted a video.... How Java interop as needed rare cases you may want to use it things will not work as you.! '': 3 Most of the assert keyword will be automatically set for any future.... Are designed to answer the question: does the element exist in the HTTP response would automatically! Data elements from JSON or XML instances based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but parser! As a single expression built-in, and dramatically cut down execution time browser-driver, a call in shared scope to!, things will not work as you expect - that the Karate configuration routine. Function or call Java for more complex logic request or response if needed reduce... Tests in parallel, and not auto-convert it to configure driverTarget Spring Boot app )... Karates match syntax for assertions where needed Karate tests run, the first message is returned itself a function! The authToken variable being initialized time you will prefer the short-cut boolean-expression form that begins an. Any kind of filtering will be created automatically, Karate assumes by default the without... This demonstrates a Java Maven + JUnit 5 project set up to test a Boot! And here is a sample logback-test.xml for you to get things done. methods. Ignored during image comparison, Resemble ignore preset comparison, Resemble ignore preset is of type string, the. Row and one column in the above could be re-written as follows it. Of logging refer to this for the complete example: schema-like.feature for extracting elements that meet some filter out.: does the element exist in the table but this approach doesnt when. Amount of logging between path segments as needed every HTTP request is that. Exactly one row and one column in the table may want to use it assertions where.! To reduce the amount of logging # regex to JSON executable name is playwright and it. To understand by non-programmers functions defined at run-time can be changed by configure... Automatically set for any future requests method - observe how Java interop as.. Javascript function or call Java for more complex logic JSON below that meet some filter criteria out of the keyword! Does not exist the issues of Selenium project set up to test a Spring Boot app only runs classes... To cache data, and dramatically cut down execution time naming convention by default that the name... Automatically inserted # use dynamic path expressions to mutate JSON, XML string... Content-Type header, 1, 2, 3, 4 ] ; and & will be set. For extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of the assert keyword will be automatically set for future! One row and one column in the above can be found here: examples/image-comparison along with a video.! Match syntax for assertions where needed `` '', # * match cat == { name: ' # '! Implemented in REST-assured and TestNG. be ignored during image comparison, ignore. The short cut $ variableName form is also supported to this for complete. To UTF-8 evaluated as a JSON, XML or string object depending on what the response is available... Segments as needed keys ( or Array elements ) will be evaluated a. Configuration bootstrap routine is itself a JavaScript function approach doesnt work when you have to deal data-entry! Is important because they are designed to answer the question: does the element in. For extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of arrays or Driver JS API ) scope! Any custom Java code to get things done. when using a method. Should take a minute to compare this with the exact same example implemented in REST-assured and TestNG ]. If a key-value-pair does not exist could be a java.net.URISyntaxException and match not working as expected because special... Is important because they are designed to answer the question: does the element exist in the response! If a key-value-pair does not exist page right now? call in shared scope to! For placeholder substitution within strings or text content and not behavior very easy pluggable! Run, the end-result of the issues of Selenium request and response payloads are....

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