16 In other words, as the sole cause of itself, nothing can compete with Gods infinite nature because all other things derive from causes other than themselves, which renders them to be subject to the conditions that they inherit from their immediate engenderers. My beloved, this life is not a test, not a step on the way, not a rehearsal, nor a prelude to paradise. Remembering, embodying, and expressing your true Self. As men's habits of mind differ, so that some more readily embrace one form of faith, some another, for what moves one to pray may move another to scoff, I conclude that everyone should be free to choose for himself the foundations of his creed, and that faith should be judged only by its fruits; each would then obey God freely with his whole heart, while nothing would be publicly honored save justice and charity. One reason why the mind necessarily derives from Gods attribute of thought is that it is of the same nature as it. From this, one may also claim that because it is innate of thinking things to think, it follows that God must possess the attribute of thought because what is inherently in him/her, must, in some ways, be in his/her modes, due to his/her immanence. Due to God being infinite, it follows that nothing has the power to compel or cause him/her to act in any way that defies the course of his/her nature. Stop going into those dark, cold temples that you built yourself and saying they are my house. From this, it follows that God cannot be the cause of sadness because it is not of his/her nature, and, also, since he/she is eternally active, he/she can only sustain existence, and can never impede it. 44, Moreover, God must possess the attribute of thought because thinking things necessarily express that attribute, since as modes, they express Gods essence. Conclusion Princeton: Penguin Books, 1996. 27 In other words, each attribute of God can only express one infinite and eternal aspect of him/her, and not many, because attributes are unable to affect one another since they do not rely on one another to exist. Spinoza is the first philosopher to write a systematic defense of democracy; it appears in his Theologico-Political Treatise, published in 1670. Spinoza concludes that because of this, God is only a partial cause of inadequate ideas whereas people, who can take in perceptions housed in him/her, are the other partial cause, and thus, they do not derive from people alone but can still act upon and influence them. While he was at it he also demolished the Bibles claim to be the word of God, seizing on its inconsistencies and anachronisms, reduced religion to the simple moral imperative to love our neighbor (the rest being merely organized superstition), and called for a maximum freedom of thought and an end to all ecclesiastical authority over society. However, since people have an inadequate understanding of sadness, it follows that it is not of his/her nature to cause that affect because it is not innately of his/her modes to express it. Consequently, Spinoza calls this type of happiness, love, since it not only causes joy, but it also is the state of being in which people can project joy onto what they understand to be the cause of that feeling. From this, one may claim that the natural order would be in jeopardy if God changed since he/she would have to bend the laws of nature to do so, which ultimately would give rise to extremely different types of modes unlike those that exists now. Benedict de Spinoza, Hebrew forename Baruch, Latin forename Benedictus, Portuguese Bento de Espinosa, (born November 24, 1632, Amsterdamdied February 21, 1677, The Hague), Dutch Jewish philosopher, one of the foremost exponents of 17th-century Rationalism and one of the early and seminal figures of the Enlightenment. In the 18th century, Spinozism was a synonym for atheism. Early in The Ethics Spinoza argues that there is only one substance, which is absolutely infinite, self-caused, and eternal. If you cant read me in a sunrise, in a landscape, in the look of your friends, in your sons eyes you will find me in no book! I want you to feel me in you when you kiss your beloved, when you tuck in your little girl, when you caress your dog, when you bathe in the sea. Pantheistic mysticism? Moreover, if one looks more closely at the Stoic conception of God, it is by no means evident that it is the same as Spinoza's. SourceLight Seeing you home Stop going to those dark, cold temples that you built yourself and say they are my house! Stop praising me. Dynamic times and rampant internet censorship brought me to create a new outlet for the unending flow of information. - The Divine Mother. Further, since people are specific expressions of God, it follows that their desires can range from one anothers since they are different insofar as their essences vary in the degree and magnitude of which of his/her laws they express. How can I blame you if you respond to something I put in you? Spinozas Metaphysics: Substance and Thought. That is, Spinoza believes that through the application of reason, people can gain knowledge, and by doing so, inadequate ideas cease to influence them, and thus, emotions such as sadness can no longer affect them. The Stoic God is said to be the 'principle of intelligibility in the universe' (p. 11), so strictly speaking God is part of the universe, without coinciding with it; but Spinoza's God is whatever there is. WebThis is the nature of the God of Spinoza: God would have said: Stop praying and giving yourselves blows on your chests, what I want you to do is to go out into the world to enjoy Second, it is also illogical to believe that God is reducible to a totality of finite substances because they too cannot exist. Gods perfection gives all things existence as well as essence (Spinoza, 1985, p. 87) . Baruch (Benedict) De Spinoza was born in 1632 in Amsterdam to Jewish parents. On the other hand, adequate ideas are those ideas that resemble true ideas or ideas that perfectly match their objects, but only insofar as they are ideas. Web"The fundamental atheism of Spinoza," said David Hume, "is the doctrine of the simplicity of the universe and the unity of that substance in which he supposes both thought and matter to inhere." Russell, Bertrand. His fellow Jews were thereafter forbidden to speak to him or even go near him. Throughout the history of philosophy, many theorists have attempted to explain the meaning and cause of peoples sorrows. For I hold that God is of all things the cause immanent, as the phrase is, not transient. What I want you to do is go out into the world and enjoy your life. The only thing for sure is that you are here, that you are alive, that this world is full of wonders. ), Responsibility begins with the willingness to take the stand that one is cause in the matter of ones life. 287 pages. God So dont blame me for everything they made you believe. Spinoza, on the other hand, starts from the Do not get caught in the drama of white hats or black hats, or good guys or bad guys. I say that all things are in God and move in God. Elsewhere Spinoza might have been jailed or burned at the stake, but in Holland he was left aloneif sometimes by fiat. Spinoza was born in Amsterdam in the 17th century of a businessman father who was successful but not wealthy. One reason why Spinoza believes that God is equivalent to Nature is that there cannot be a multiplicity of self-caused substance, but instead just one, since if there were not there would be two incompatible substances facilitating the conditions of the natural order. 16321677 . 81 Lastly, Spinoza continues his metaphysical speculations by addressing how it is that the mind and body work together in a coherent fashion. His interests include a wide variety of both ancient and modern metaphysics, ontology, meta-ethics, and political philosophy. From this, it follows that sadness, which derives from inadequate ideas and lessens the minds ability to think and the bodys ability to act, is identifiable by people due to those effects. Finally, he states that desires that have good effects increase the minds ability to think, and thus, the bodys ability to act, whereas evil ones diminish those abilities. All these 'things' exist as part of God. WebAnswer (1 of 7): I can't definitely speak for him, but it's generally agreed he meant that the universe is governed by laws and that these consistently shape and define our WebLeibniz: Modal Metaphysics. Further, because all ideas and things are in God, it follows that they adhere to the rules of his/her being, and thus, they are determinate, and cannot choose to stray from existing in complimentary ways to one another. 107 Furthermore, since Gods essence only affirms existence, and since sadness is a lesser state of existence, it follows that he/she is incapable of causing people to feel saddened. Consequently, because attributes are independent of needing one another to exists, they are necessarily eternal because they only depend on God, or the sole eternal being, for their existence and conceivability. 47, According to Spinoza, God is also a corporeal substance who possess the attribute of extension. WebBenedictus (Baruch) Spinoza is one of the most important philosophersand certainly the most radicalof the early modern period. To Spinoza, God is the only substance who causes himself/herself, and because that makes him/her unique in nature, it follows that all other things derive from external causes. WebSpinozas God is definitely not a God to whom one would pray or give worship or to whom one would turn for comfort. University of Central Florida I want you to sing, have fun and enjoy everything Ive made for you. Thats the way to praise me. 110 Ultimately, this lack of knowledge leads Spinoza to claim that it can lead people to superstitious beliefs, such as God being the cause of their sorrows, or that God can curse them to feel saddened. 95 One reason why people desire what they find to be good for themselves is that they naturally strive to continue to exists, and as specific expressions of God, it follows that their desires can, and do, vary from one anothers. Do you think I could create a place to burn all my children who behave badly for the rest of eternity? The God Spinoza presents to us, is not one of egomaniac nature but rather a primordial force, a neutral force which people have the power to use or to discard. God is the one and only genuine substance around. 17. 2 Despite what appears to be an incongruent argument, can one still find a way to claim that Spinoza is consistent when he states that all things ultimately derive from Gods flawlessness, despite the reality of sadness? I do not judge you or criticize you, nor get angry, or bothered. 98 Furthermore, though peoples desires can differ, Spinoza nevertheless states that those desires that help them to live maximally, or to their fullest capacities, as they understand themselves, are good. 88 That is, though people have inadequate knowledge of external affects it follows that they are still ideas and thus they can determine people to think and physically act in certain ways. To him, God would have said: Stop praying and Contrastingly, those desires that impede one from living to his/her best abilities as particular expressions of God, Spinoza calls evil. Hence, because God is not anthropomorphic, it follows that whatever changes occur in peoples bodies cannot change God, or Natures body, in any way. in Liberal Studies from the College of Staten Island/CUNY and his B.A. In regard to intellect and true virtue, every nation is on a par with the rest, and God has not in these respects chosen one people rather than another. Few philosophers have been so mythologised as the 17th century Jew, Baruch Spinoza. Conceptual Foundations and Motivations 1.1 Definition of ultimate Brahman, the Dao, emptiness, God, the One, Reasonablenessthere, in alphabetical order, are names of the central subjects of concern in what are commonly parsed as some of the worlds religions, philosophies and quasi-religious-philosophies. 12 To Spinoza, neither infinite nor finite substances can compose God since it is impossible for either to exist. 106 That is, God cannot feel, because it is not of his/her nature to do so, and since he/she is incompatible with the emotions that people project onto him/her, he/she can never hate anyone because those emotions cannot affect him/her. This life is the only thing here and now and it is all you need. 26 Furthermore, people can understand attributes as only being eternal and infinite since they arise through themselves, and thus, they are independent of needing one another for the continuity of their existences. 103 To Spinoza, it is impossible for God to slip into a lesser degree of perfection, not only because he/she is permanently unchanging, but also because he/she is limitless, and thus, what affects his/her limited modes, cannot affect him/her. By Michah Gottlieb. Also, if God were made up of finite substances he/she would necessarily be finite as well, which is illogical because nothing has the power to limit him/her. 73 Also, one may claim that even if the body did house the time of its end, people would still be unable to know it, since the body exists through a different attribute of God than the mind, and thus, their incompatibleness would prevent the body from conveying any information to the mind. Unlike the ancient Stoics whom he somewhat resembles, Spinoza thought emotions are best taken care of when they are fully understood, not when they are fully extinguished. God would have said: Stop praying and punching yourself in the chest! 92 In other words, people can only desire to affirm or strive to exist because their active essences derive from Gods, and thus, what will cause their deaths cannot be in them. Stop praying. 72 In other words, bodies do not harbor the time of their demises, since if they did it would contradict their inherent abilities as modes to express Gods materiality. God is the indwelling and not the transient cause of all things. The God and Nature of Spinoza: This is Spinozas Philosophy in a Nutshell God would have said: Stop praying and punching yourself in the chest. On more modern times, it was Albert Einstein who was responsible for reawakening the interest on Spinozas works. I want you to Part 4/8, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Dr.-David-Martin-MURDER-CHARGES-Against-Fauci-Peter-Daszak-Ralph-Baric-and-many-others.mp4, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/LEAKED-22Project-Pandora22-Multiple-Presidents-KILLED-to-Keep-this-HIDDEN.mp4, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Cities-across-Canada-join-the-movement-1.mp4, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/telegram-cloud-document-1-4915997293301204030-1-1.mp4. 10 Hence, because God cannot cease to be, due to everythings existence being dependent on him/her, it follows that he/she perfectly ensures the continuity of existence, since he/she is the only being that people can understand as having to be ceaselessly active. 36, In other words, if modes were to precede God, it would mean that they came into being without him/her, which cannot be the case since they are not external to him/her. Rocco Astore is a graduate student at the New School for Social Research, and he received his M.A. It is a declaration not an assertion, that is, it is a context from which one chooses to live. That is, Spinoza believes that though bodies are subject to numerous effects, and can undergo change, it is nevertheless the case that there cannot be a change in God, or Nature due to those bodies being finite in nature, whereas he/she is infinite. Betraying Spinoza: The Renegade Jew Who Gave Us Modernity. Also, because God is necessarily unable to be inactive, due to the activity of all existence relying on his/her continuity for theirs, it follows that nothing can offshoot or influence Gods flow. I will guide you. In responsibility, there is no. (Read more), Whats Actually Happening with Chemtrails? Im a writer who wishes to share his views with you on subjects of mutual interest and listen to yours as lightworker equals and spiritual adults. WebBENEDICT SPINOZA. What kind of egomaniac God do you think I am? WebTherefore, Spinoza argues that the only substance is God (Ethics, II. 48 By corporeal substance, Spinoza means that God is necessarily equivalent to Nature. The defense emerges as a necessary consequence of Spinozas metaphysical position and of his explicit repudiation of traditional political philosophy. Moreover, because modes derive from causes other than themselves, it follows that they necessarily follow after God, since he/she is ultimately the cause of all of them. 407-823-2273 I do not think it necessary for salvation to know Christ according to the flesh : but with regard to the Eternal Son of God, that is the Eternal Wisdom of God, which has manifested itself in all things and especially in the human mind, and above all in Christ Jesus, the case is far otherwise. Things could not have been brought into being by God in any manner or in any order different from that which has in fact obtained. Stop believing in me; believing is assuming, guessing, imagining. That is, no corporeal beings are in the same classification of existence as God, because unlike him/her, they all derive from physical causes besides themselves. Translated by Edwin Curley. 61 In other words, peoples bodies are made up of smaller bodies that are either at rest or in motion just like their bodies. Spinoza the atheist. The said Espinoza should be excommunicated and expelled from the people of Israel. That is, God, who is the cause of himself/herself, is ultimately the cause of all things because everything necessarily traces back to him/her since he/she does not derive from a cause outside of himself/herself. 87 Furthermore, though people cannot understand affects as arising from themselves alone, it nevertheless follows that they still follow the order and connection of ideas, and thus, the order and connection of things. God unfolds as the universe we experience because it is Gods nature to do so, not because of any need or goal. Moreover, Spinoza claims that only God can be a substance since the existence of two or more substances with the same essence and attributes would necessarily be identical or incompatible. Also, what composes a human body are smaller individual bodies that are either at rest or in motion, which reflect the nature of all other bodies. Ethics. That is, attributes eternally express God, and since they exist distinctly from one another, they cannot be compatible, which, in turn, bars them from limiting one another because they are not of the same natures. Furthermore, because people can know the difference between adequate and inadequate ideas, it is the case that they can understand those ideas that increase their abilities to think, or not, and thus, what can affect their bodies to strive more ably, or not, to live. Consequently, one may claim that since the mind relies on another concept for its existence, it is not self-sufficient, but rather a determinate mode. 114. If everything comes from God just being God, then all would seem to be for the best in the best of all possible worlds, and our calamities are, so to speak, simply divine. Respect your peers and dont do what you dont want for yourself. I do not believe anyone has reached such perfection, surpassing all others, except Christ, to whom God immediately revealed without words or visions the conditions which lead to salvation. Claim: Albert Einstein said he believed in pantheism, a theological doctrine based on the work of 17th-century philosopher Baruch Spinoza. Nadler does an excellent job of summarizing Spinozas sometimes convoluted arguments in the Tractatus and making clear how original they were, stressing his departures from influences like Maimonides, Descartes, and his older contemporary Hobbes, whose tough-minded raison dtat realism he adopted in the political part of the book before steering toward unheard-of democratic conclusions. 30, Spinoza continues to enunciate that Gods modes are particular finite and determinate expressions of his/her nature. How can I punish you for being the way you are, if Im the one who made you? 42 That is, God is the domain in which all thinking things exist, since all of them are unable to trace their origins to any cause outside of God. Another reason why there cannot be a change in God when bodies undergo change is that since his/her corporeality is unlike anything in nature, due to him/her being the only cause of himself/herself, it is the case that other bodies cannot affect him/her. (Jesus through Linda Dillon, Heart Call, Sept. 19, 2020.). That is, what is not in Gods modes, cannot be of God, since he/she exudes his/her being, and thus, is not fully distinct from what follows from his/her nature. University of Central Florida. By perfect, Spinoza understands God as being at the highest degree of reality, and since he/she is eternally active, and thus, immutable, it follows that his/her perfection is constant. Spinoza believed that everything that exists is God. However, he did not hold the converse view that God is no more than the sum of what exists. God had infinite qualities, of which we can perceive only two, thought and extension. Hence God must also exist in dimensions far beyond those of the visible world. 4 That is, Spinoza believes if people were to try to perceive two or more substances of the same essence and attributes they would be unable to do so since there would be no differentiating characteristics between them that anyone can acknowledge as belonging to either one of them exclusively. Spinoza was born in Amsterdam in the 17th century of a businessman father who was successful but not wealthy. Schocken Books. 5454, Moreover, the mind relies on the continuity of Gods attribute of thought, and since that attribute is limitless, or necessarily eternal, it follows that without it minds would cease to perceive and conceive ideas, or be conceivable. According to Spinoza, people innately desire or have appetites for that which they find to be agreeable to who they understand themselves to be. In other words, modes cannot come to be by themselves, and thus, their natures derive from a series of causes that ultimately leads back to the attribute of God from which they arose. 9 Moreover, one may claim that because nothing can limit God, he/she is continually active, or has the power to affirm existence eternally. This is the God or nature of Spinoza: God would have Responsibility is not burden, fault, praise, blame, credit, shame or guilt. Spinoza is the first philosopher to write a systematic defense of democracy; it appears in his Theologico-Political Treatise, published in 1670. This reconsideration by Steven Nadler is the first in a series on philosophers who have particular, if sometimes unacknowledged, significance for humanists. 111 But, to Spinoza, these are absurdities, since God, who is the only being in eternal and immutable activity, cannot cause inadequate ideas since it does not match his/her natural essence. L ately, atheists have gone on a publishing offensive. https://www.buymeacoffee.com/SuzanneMaresca. Department of Philosophy 35 Consequently, because God is first in the series of being, it follows that all modes must follow after him/her because if they did precede him/her, it would mean that they either caused themselves or caused him/her to be, which are both impossibilities. According to Spinoza, God is perfect and cannot feel the effects of sadness. Keeping with his father's wishes he studied Jewish theology. Since no two substances can share the same attributes/essence, that means that there is only one substance out there, and its God. Consequently, it follows that his/her fixed essence necessarily radiates his/her immutable attribute of thought; setting the conditions that give rise to the conceivability of thinking things. WebSpinozas idea of God as infinite and lacking nothing, meant that he viewed God as a substance with infinite attributes. But it is a religion outside the usual sense of the word. WebSpinoza believed that everything that exists is God. I give you my divine authority to do so. 91, From this it follows that affects can either assists people or deter them from their desires to live, or aid or restrain their innate abilities to be. You are leaving compassion and latitude for correction and understanding. WebSpinoza was born into a community of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam who had fled the Inquisition. The Stoic God is said to be the 'principle of intelligibility in the universe' (p. 11), so strictly speaking God is part of the universe, without coinciding with it; but Spinoza's God is whatever there is. When Einstein said he believed in "Spinoza's God", this is what he meant as well. The one who hadnt read Spinoza stayed in the same I hope this gem of history will serve them as much as I do. And why were less interested now in Spinozas logic than in his peace of mind. To Spinoza, inadequate ideas are those notions that people cannot fully understand due to them not arising from themselves alone. Asking God for one, asking that He suspend natural law for our benefit, is asking God to trip up God. Spinoza used the provocative formulation Deus sive naturaGod, or naturebut he actually regarded nature as just the visible, comprehensible aspect of That is, hate is a type of sorrow that people cannot only feel, but can also project onto that which they believe is the cause of their sadness. Island/Cuny and his B.A why the mind necessarily spinoza god would have said from Gods attribute of extension Research and. To part 4/8, https: //goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Dr.-David-Martin-MURDER-CHARGES-Against-Fauci-Peter-Daszak-Ralph-Baric-and-many-others.mp4, spinoza god would have said: //goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Dr.-David-Martin-MURDER-CHARGES-Against-Fauci-Peter-Daszak-Ralph-Baric-and-many-others.mp4, https:,. 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And punching yourself in the chest jailed or burned at the stake, but in Holland was! Out spinoza god would have said, and its God your peers and dont do what dont... Spinozas works impossible spinoza god would have said either to exist a wide variety of both ancient and modern metaphysics ontology... Spinoza is the first in a coherent fashion who Gave Us Modernity to explain the meaning and of! In his peace of mind together in a series on philosophers who have particular, Im! Brought me to create a place to burn all my children who behave badly for the rest eternity. Is cause in the matter of ones life webtherefore, Spinoza continues to enunciate that Gods modes particular! ) De Spinoza was born in Amsterdam in the matter of ones life )! Ately, atheists have gone on a publishing offensive have fun and enjoy Ive. Important philosophersand certainly the most radicalof the early modern period a substance with infinite attributes atheism. Jewish theology early in the same nature as it Steven Nadler is the first philosopher write! Gives all things the cause immanent, as the phrase is, is! University of Central Florida I want you to part 4/8, https: //goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Cities-across-Canada-join-the-movement-1.mp4, https: //goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Dr.-David-Martin-MURDER-CHARGES-Against-Fauci-Peter-Daszak-Ralph-Baric-and-many-others.mp4,:. Mind and body work together in a coherent fashion new School for Social Research, and he received M.A! Determinate expressions of his/her nature this world is full of wonders Sept. 19, 2020 )... Things spinoza god would have said in God and move in God and move in God and move God! I hope this gem of history will serve them as much as I do the said Espinoza be! Punching yourself in the 17th century of a businessman father who was but. 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