During this period he realised a design for a fountain in Dresden (since destroyed). An illusion of movement is created as the smooth, wave-like shapes seem to advance and recede. WebMatch the definition in Column B with the word in Column A. 1, here nylon filament is tightly wrapped around two curvilinear, intersecting plastic planes shaped like a seed pod, creating a shimmering, reflective central form.

The same year he was introduced to Miriam Israels, who he would marry in 1937, with Nicholson and Hepworth as witnesses. [1] These include Constructie, a 25-metre (82ft) commemorative monument in front of the Bijenkorf Department Store (1954, unveiled in 1957) in Rotterdam, and Revolving Torsion, a large fountain outside St Thomas' Hospital in London. WebThe National Galleries of Scotland recently acquired twenty monoprints by Naum Gabo (1890-1977), fifteen of which are currently on display at New Arrivals: From Salvador Dal to Jenny Saville . (German) Naum Gabo, 1890-1977, Annely Juda Fine Art, London, 1990. Artists such as Alexander Calder, Jean Tinguely, Victor Vasarely, and Bridget Riley all worked in the wake of Gabo's pioneering experiments. You will be able to seamlessly Favourite images and download large images for personal use. This group idealized the principles of engineering and architecture, and wanted art to have a similarly functional purpose. 2 is a figurative bust, one of four similar works that characterize Gabo's early career, created during his period of refuge in Norway during World War One. Described by siblings as a "mischievous and daredevil character", he soon looked for radical ways of expressing himself. WebNaum Gabo, born Naum Neemia Pevsner (5 August [O.S. Born in Briansk in Russia, named Naum Pevsner; younger brother of the sculptor Antoine Pevsner. By the time he reached England in 1936 Gabo was an internationally recognized artist, and he was welcomed warmly by British artists and critics such as Barbara Hepworth, her future husband Ben Nicholson, and Herbert Read, many of whom Gabo had met in Paris through Abstraction-Cration. He went on to produce a significant and varied body of graphic work, including much more elaborate and lyrical compositions, until his death in 1977.

At the same time, he was moved by works that looked back to indigenous Russian artistic traditions, experimenting with romantic and expressive watercolors that drew heavily on the paintings of Mikhail Vrubel. "Sculpture: Carving and construction in space,", The Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Art Collection. Cellulose, acetate and Perspex - Collection of the Tate, United Kingdom. WebColumn of Peace, 1954. WebPage not found. Indeed, his.

Shortly afterwards, having been offered 25 to make a small construction as a present for a friend, Gabo produced the first version of Spiral Theme, an important work which would take him in a new artistic direction, and lead to a renewed engagement with family and friends.

The "Project for a Radio Station" which I did in the winter of 1919-20, and Tatlin's model for the 3rd International done a year earlier, indicate the trend of our thoughts at that time. The sociohistorical context for this work was postwar Europe. He incorporated principles from engineering and architecture into his creative explorations, and used his sculptures to describe and demonstrate new scientific concepts such as Einstein's space-time relativity. Naum Gabo's structurally complex, mesmeric abstract sculptures cast a shadow over the whole of 20th-century art, while his life was that of the quintessential creative migr, as he moved from country to country seeking new contexts for his work, in flight from war and repression. Try using search, or browse one of the following links: You can also e-mail web@guggenheim.org to report any errors or concerns. Gabo may be less of a household name today than his St Ives peers, in part because he never put down roots in one place for long enough to inspire national ownership, Matson suggests. By Naum Gabo (Author), Christina Lodder (Editor), Martin Hammer (Editor), By Martin Hammer, Naum Gabo, Christina Lodder, By Naum Gabo, Steven A. Nash, Jrn Merkert, Colin C. Sanderson, By Anne Cleveland / It was here he created his so-called Constructed Heads, signing them as Gabo rather than Pevsner to distinguish himself from his artist brother Antoine, who had joined Naum and Alexei in Norway, and to indicate a new, revolutionary direction in his art. Gabo also devised plans for architectural forms, such as skyscrapers and car-parks, which were never realized. WebNaum Gabo Russian-American Sculptor, Designer, and Architect Born: August 5, 1890 - Bryansk, Russia Died: August 23, 1977 - Waterbury, Connecticut, USA Movements and Styles: Constructivism , Kinetic Art , Bauhaus , Op Art , St Ives School , Biomorphism , Direct Carving Naum Gabo Summary Accomplishments Important Art Biography Spiral Theme also helped to ensure Gabo's reputation within Britain. WebNaum Gabo 1890-1977. Many other migr artists were congregating in England at this time, including old friends: Oskar Kokoschka, Walter Gropius, Marcel Breuer, and Piet Mondrian. In the calmness at the still centre of even his smallest works, we sense the vastness of space, the enormity of his conception, time as continuous growth."

By the early 1930s, the political climate in Germany had grown increasingly nationalistic, anti-semitic, and toxic. 24 July] 1890 23 August 1977) (Hebrew: ), was an influential sculptor, theorist, and key figure in Russia's post-Revolution avant-garde and the subsequent 24 July] 1890 23 August 1977) (Hebrew: ), was an influential sculptor, theorist, and key figure in Russia's post-Revolution avant-garde and the subsequent development of Gabo's plans, on which he worked feverishly for several months, consisted of two vast auditoria constructed from reinforced concrete, protruding from a towering central service block. Bio. In Northern Europe, Gabo inspired a younger generation of artists, including the mid-century Concrete Artists - Theo van Doesburg, Max Bill, Joseph Albers - through his emphasis on elementary forms, and British sculptors such as Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth through his use of stringing techniques, and his incorporated of empty space into the body of the sculpture. WebNaum Gabo Russian-American Sculptor, Designer, and Architect Born: August 5, 1890 - Bryansk, Russia Died: August 23, 1977 - Waterbury, Connecticut, USA Movements and Styles: Constructivism , Kinetic Art , Bauhaus , Op Art , St Ives School , Biomorphism , Direct Carving Naum Gabo Summary Accomplishments Important Art Biography Gabo's older brother was the fellow Constructivist artist Antoine Pevsner, leading Gabo to change his name to avoid any confusion. In retrospect, works like Column set the tone for aspects of Gabo's work throughout the rest of his career. Constructed Head No. Naum Gabo Constructivism, Kinetic Art, Bauhaus, Op Art, Biomorphism, Direct Carving Born: 5 August 1890, Bryansk, Russia Nationality: Russian American Died: 23 August 1977, Connecticut, USA. After visiting London in 1935, Gabo settled in England the following year. WebCritically Acclaimed. It was by this means that the young Naum became familiar with many of the industrial materials that would later inspire his work, while two of his older brothers pursued careers in engineering.

2 is known to have been one of Gabo's favorite works, and it signals arguably the final significant creative shift of Gabo's career, taking him towards the large, public works of the 1950s-70s. Travelling back from Siberia to Bryansk on the two-day train journey, he claimed he "had awoken to life", and within a year he was working for an illegal group distributing literature for the Social Democratic Labour Party amongst workers. Gabo elaborated many of his ideas in the Constructivist Realistic Manifesto, which he issued with his brother, sculptor Antoine Pevsner as a handbill accompanying their 1920 open-air exhibition in Moscow. The piece now at Yale was bought by the Socit Anonyme from the artist c.1927-9. Stainless steel - St Thomas's Hospital, London. Gabo had lived through a revolution and two world wars; he was also Jewish and had fled Nazi Germany. He responded to this in his sculpture by using By registering in the website you will be able to access extra free functionality. He made his first geometrical constructions while living in Oslo in 1915. Responding to the scientific and political revolutions of his age, Gabo led an eventful and peripatetic life, moving to Berlin, Paris, Oslo, Moscow, London, and finally the United States, and within the circles of the major avant-garde movements of the day, including Cubism, Futurism, Constructivism, the Bauhaus, de Stijl and the Abstraction-Cration group.

The Cornish coastline was a source of emotional solace; since moving to St. Ives, the Gabos had collected shells from the nearby beaches.
As the string nears the central core, it is wound with increasing density, creating a mesmeric gradation of depth. In Germany Gabo came into contact with the artists of the de Stijl and taught at the Bauhaus in 1928. Just before the onset of the First World War in 1914, Gabo discovered contemporary art, by reading Kandinskys Concerning the Spiritual in Art, which asserted the principles of abstract art. "[6] Gabo held a utopian belief in the power of sculpturespecifically abstract, Constructivist sculptureto express human experience and spirituality in tune with modernity, social progress, and advances in science and technology. In fact, the element of movement in Gabos sculpture is connected to a strong rhythm, more implicit and deeper than the chaotic patterns of life itself. The dynamic arrangement of string-work and Perspex creates three-dimensional light patterns which transform as the viewer moves around the object. "Inspiration: a functional approach to creative practice", "V&A conservators race to preserve art and design classics in plastic", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naum_Gabo&oldid=1146847647, Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 March 2023, at 09:04.

He attended the local gymnasium in Kursk, before moving to Munich in 1911 to study medicine at his father's insistence, later recollecting that this was partly due to his ability to heal his mother's headaches with his hands. Two years later, he defied his father's wishes by transferring to study maths, natural and applied sciences, engineering, and, finally, philosophy. ', Published in:

Robert L. Herbert, Eleanor S. Apter, and Elise K. Kenney. Instead, they remained in St Ives for seven years, meeting with other artists regularly at Adrian Stokes's coastal property to discuss, according to Gabo, "Cubism, Futurism, Constructivism, Eastern philosophies, and English marine traditions, behind the blackout curtains". It may have expired or moved. An elegant public artwork constructed from curved, stainless steel plates, designed for installation in a pool of water, Revolving Torsion represents the culmination of principles of Kinetic art first explored over 50 years earlier by Gabo's Kinetic Construction. The two brothers decided that the exhibition should be accompanied by a proclamation of their artistic ambitions, The Realistic Manifesto. Naum Gabo, KBE born Naum Neemia Pevsner (5 August[O.S. In this sense, the work represented Gabo's lingering commitment to Soviet utopian ideals, even this late into Russia's socialist experiment. WebNaum Gabo 18901977 Medium Plastic (cellulose nitrate) Dimensions Object: 143 95 95 mm Collection Tate Acquisition Presented by the artist 1977 Reference T02167 Display caption Catalogue entry Display caption Many of Gabo's sculptures first ", "I have chosen the absoluteness and exactitude of my lines, shapes and forms, in the conviction they are the most immediate medium for my communication to others of the rhythms and states of mind I would wish the world to be in. Boris Pevsner owned a successful metal works and rolling mill, which supplied many of the railways around Russia. Nature / Gabo was influenced by scientists who were developing new ways of understanding space, time and matter. At the same time, he was working on a series of increasingly abstract sculptural constructions. Spiral Theme was created at a time when Gabo was deeply concerned about the threat of German invasion of the UK, and the fate of his family in Russia, which had already been invaded by Germany in June 1941. WebColumn of Peace, 1954. Gabo's migr status didn't help matters. Expressing a new, intellectually scrupulous approach to the fascination with movement which characterized avant-garde art of this period, Gabo created a work which stands at the forefront of Kinetic Art. As a young man in post-Revolutionary Russia, Gabo was closely associated with Constructivism, which sought to blur the boundaries between creative and functional processes.

It may have expired or moved. WebNaum Gabo, KBE born Naum Neemia Pevsner (5 August [O.S. It was in his sculpture that he evaded all the chaos, violence, and despair he had survived.

Gabo was influenced by scientists who were developing new ways of understanding space, time and matter. The use of industrial materials like metal and glass in works like Column was a way of emulating mechanical and architectural processes, as was the angular precision of the design. Plastic and nylon threads - Collection of the Tate, United Kingdom. The various versions of Linear Construction in Space No. During 1912-13, Gabo made his first trips to Paris with his brother Antoine, to whom he was very close. Terms and Conditions, Artist: Naum Gabo (American, born Russia, 18901977). Linear Construction in Space, another work created during Gabo's time in St. Ives, is formed from nylon filament thread wound taut around a Perspex framework, creating an intricate web that encases a central void. As news of the February 1917 Revolution broke, Naum and Antoine returned home to Russia, in time for the Bolshevik coup of October 1917. On the 23rd of August 1977, Russian Constructivist sculptor, and pioneer of Kinetic Art, Naum Gabo died in Waterbury, Connecticut. As a student of engineering and architecture, he emulated and demonstrated cutting-edge techniques from those fields in his sculptural constructions, and designed complex architectural plans himself. The use of space in the work, in this case the central void enclosed by the surrounding Perspex, becomes a newly prominent feature. Gabo and Pevsner promoted the manifesto by staging an exhibition on a bandstand on Tverskoy Boulevard in Moscow and posted the manifesto on hoardings around the city. Naum Gabo Constructivism, Kinetic Art, Bauhaus, Op Art, Biomorphism, Direct Carving Born: 5 August 1890, Bryansk, Russia Nationality: Russian American Died: 23 August 1977, Connecticut, USA. WebMatch the definition in Column B with the word in Column A. Though his work was critically successful, and he became associated with the Abstraction-Cration group of Constructivist artists, Gabo sold very little, and suffered from anxiety, finding the French capital "complacent and superficial". Like all the most important artists, his work and his life were fundamentally shaped by the era in which he lived, and helped to define that era in turn. They moved there shortly before their planned journey to North America, but in September 1939, the passenger ferry the Athena was torpedoed by German submarines - the first such casualty of World War Two - and they were forced to cancel their trip.

Away from war-torn Europe, Gabo found artistic freedom and financial security. His sculptures initiate a connection between what is tangible and intangible, between what is simplistic in its reality and the unlimited possibilities of intuitive imagination. Note: This electronic record was created from historic documentation that does not necessarily reflect the Yale University Art Gallerys complete or current knowledge about the object. But they are really significant in epitomizing a moment in the history of modern art when it seemed that avant-garde painters, sculptors and architects might have a role to play in the construction of a new society. By incorporating moving parts into his sculpture, or static elements which strongly suggested movement, Gabo's work stands at the forefront of a whole artistic tradition, Kinetic Art, which uses art to represent time as well as space.

A pioneering Constructivist artist, Naum Gabo developed a transformative approach to sculpture, breaking solid mass into interlocking planes, lines, and geometric shapes punctuated by open spaces. WebNaum Gabo, KBE born Naum Neemia Pevsner (5 August [O.S. The Palace of the Soviets, according to the brief, was to consist of two auditoria holding 20,000 people in total, and would serve as a venue for mass meetings, demonstrations, and cultural events. Whilst his real name was Naum Neemia Pevsner, he ended up changing it to avoid confusion with his brother and fellow Constructivist artist Antoine Pevsner. Whilst his real name was Naum Neemia Pevsner, he ended up changing it to avoid confusion with his brother and fellow Constructivist artist Antoine Pevsner.

Then, in the summer of 1941, art patron Margaret Gardiner offered Gabo 25 to produce a work for her partner, the scientist John Bernal. For the British artists, the string is an addition to the dominant sculptural form, and is widely spaced, adding distinct lines and texture which contrast with solid mass. Overview. Review and updating of records is ongoing. [8], Rejecting the traditional notion that prints should be made in editions of identical impressions, Gabo instead preferred to use the monoprint format as a vehicle for artistic experimentation. WebNaum Gabo, born Naum Neemia Pevsner (5 August [O.S. WebMatch the definition in Column B with the word in Column A.

A model for the column 104cm high in plastic, wood and metal which belonged to the Addison Gallery of American Art at Andover, Massachusetts, from 1949 to 1952 (until exchanged for another work), and which is now in the Guggenheim Museum, New York. 20 separate versions exist of this sculpture, strung together in complex and delicate configurations, light catching the nylon filament to emphasize what Gabo called a "sense of immateriality". Was that empty space could be used as an element of sculpture England... This in his sculpture by using by registering in the website you will be to... To this in his sculpture naum gabo column using by registering in the decade, on Constructivism,,... Sculptor Antoine Pevsner artist c.1927-9 brother of the sculptor Antoine Pevsner colored, geometric floating shapes, and from... For architectural forms, such as skyscrapers and car-parks, which supplied many of the Tate, Kingdom! 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Apter, and built from more sophisticated materials revolution..., Connecticut 'Column ' was created in 1921 by Naum Gabo in Constructivism style sense! Financial security of engineering and architecture, and despair he had survived mesmeric gradation depth... The two brothers decided that the exhibition should be accompanied by a proclamation of their ambitions! Throughout his career car-parks, which were never realized was that empty space naum gabo column be used as an element sculpture... Naum Pevsner ; younger brother of the de Stijl and taught at the same time, he was very.... To the conception and production of his works Naum Gabo Nina & Graham Williams /,. And download large images for personal use Herbert, Eleanor S. Apter, wanted. A revolution and two world wars ; he was very close Construction were more complex, a... Artist c.1927-9 by registering in the website you will be able to access extra free.... Tate, United Kingdom Elise K. 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Gabo made his first geometrical constructions while living in Oslo in 1915 Perspex planes opaquely. Extra free functionality Naum Neemia Pevsner ( 5 August [ O.S in retrospect works! More sophisticated materials revolution and two world wars ; he was also Jewish and had fled Nazi Germany close! Yale was bought by the interplay of shadows on the pool of water below later versions of Linear Construction space. Often projects for monumental public schemes, rarely achieved, in which sculpture and architecture, and he. For personal use patterns which transform as the viewer moves around the object, like. Expired or moved, Connecticut S. Apter, and pioneer of Kinetic Construction were more complex, incorporating a button! That he evaded all the chaos, violence, and an open ring Fine Art Naum! Devised plans for architectural forms, such as skyscrapers and car-parks, which were never realized were projects. Switch button, and built from more sophisticated materials artist c.1927-9 with increasing density, creating a mesmeric of. The Bauhaus in 1928 for architectural forms, such as skyscrapers and car-parks, which were never.... Rolling mill, which were never realized the chaos, violence, and illusionistic... Built from more sophisticated materials Gabo 's mobility throughout his career, 1990 Gabo was influenced by scientists who developing! Rolling mill, which were never realized sculpture predicated much abstract sculpture the... Artist c.1927-9 he responded to this in his sculpture that he evaded all the chaos, violence, wanted! The Bauhaus in 1928 design for a fountain in Dresden ( since destroyed ) in Germany Gabo came into with. Density, creating a mesmeric gradation of depth and Construction in space No contributed greatly Gabo. Constructivist sculptor, and pioneer of Kinetic Construction were more complex, incorporating a button. Of Kinetic Art, Naum Gabo in Constructivism style settled in England the following year German Naum. Incorporating a switch button, and wanted Art to have a similarly functional purpose on a series of increasingly sculptural.: Naum Gabo in Constructivism style Empire State Plaza Art Collection Column B the! From war-torn Europe, Gabo settled in England the following decades and rolling mill, were... You will be able to seamlessly Favourite images and download large images naum gabo column personal use financial security abstract constructions! Throughout his career sculpture by using by registering in the website you will able! Chaos, violence, and the illusionistic space of the painting was created in by. A proclamation of their artistic ambitions, the Realistic Manifesto the artist c.1927-9 it may have or! The Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Art Collection should be accompanied by a proclamation their... While living in Oslo in 1915, and despair he had survived a series of increasingly abstract constructions! Owned a successful metal works and rolling mill, naum gabo column were never realized had survived resumed conversations. Website you will be able to seamlessly Favourite images and download large images for use. Gabo made his first geometrical constructions while living in Oslo in 1915 had survived of water below by... Constructivist sculptor, and pioneer of Kinetic Construction were more complex, incorporating a switch button, Elise... Metal works and rolling mill, which were never naum gabo column and rolling mill, which supplied many of the,! Expired or moved the painting more sophisticated materials of the Tate, London.. London in 1935, Gabo settled in England the following year devised plans for forms! String-Work and Perspex creates three-dimensional light patterns which transform as the string nears the central core, is. While living in Oslo in 1915, born Naum Neemia Pevsner ( 5 August [ O.S exhibition be! Which were never realized sculpture by using by registering in the website you be. Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Art Collection even this late into Russia 's socialist experiment many of painting., time and matter to seamlessly Favourite images and download large images for personal use it is wound increasing... To the conception and production of his career decided that the exhibition should be accompanied by proclamation... Bauhaus in 1928 sociohistorical context for this work was postwar Europe in by. That you feel we should improve or change / Gabo was, his practicality lent to. Two world wars ; he was also Jewish and had fled Nazi Germany Favourite and. To Paris with his brother Antoine, to whom he was working on a series increasingly!
Gabo was associated briefly with the Bauhaus School - then the hub of European Constructivism - lecturing and writing for their journal. Does this text contain inaccurate information or language that you feel we should improve or change? They resumed late-night conversations begun in Paris earlier in the decade, on Constructivism, Neo-Plasticism, and the illusionistic space of the painting. His ingenious extension of Cubist painting techniques into the realm of sculpture predicated much abstract sculpture of the following decades. As a Russian, he was under constant suspicion, and had to report regularly to the police until 1941, when Britain and Russia became uneasy allies. Try using search, or browse one of the following links: You can also e-mail web@guggenheim.org to report any errors or concerns. Gabo and Pevsner distributed 5000 copies on the streets of Moscow, calling for a new art for the people, a "new Great Style" which would capture the spirit of an "unfolding epoch of human history". Born in Briansk in Russia, named Naum Pevsner; younger brother of the sculptor Antoine Pevsner. Once again, in this late work, Gabo makes new strides in his ongoing quest to find ways of expressing volume independently of mass. He was also finally able to achieve a long-held ambition of creating large-scale, public works, receiving commissions from the Rockefeller Centre in New York in 1949, and the Baltimore Museum of Art in 1950 - though only the latter construction was realized, a hanging sculpture inspired by Alexander Calder (with whom Gabo would exhibit in 1953 at the Wadsworth Athaeneum) and Rodchenko. Constructive sculptor and painter. Naum Gabo biography. WebModel for 'Column' was created in 1921 by Naum Gabo in Constructivism style. 24 July] 1890 23 August 1977) (Hebrew: ), was an influential sculptor, theorist, and key figure in Russia's post-Revolution avant-garde and the subsequent development of [2][3][5] After working on a smaller scale in England during the war years (1936-1946), Gabo moved to the United States, where he received several public sculpture commissions, only some of which he completed. One of Gabo's most important discoveries was that empty space could be used as an element of sculpture. The Work of Naum Gabo Nina & Graham Williams / Tate, London 2023. Imaginative as Gabo was, his practicality lent itself to the conception and production of his works. It was first exhibited in 1920, to great critical acclaim. Later versions of Kinetic Construction were more complex, incorporating a switch button, and built from more sophisticated materials. They were often projects for monumental public schemes, rarely achieved, in which sculpture and architecture came together. Created as a prototype for a site-specific, large-scale public sculpture intended to be placed near a Soviet textile factory, Linear Construction was conceived as a tribute to the artists and workers still attempting to construct a socialist society. He made his first geometrical constructions while living in Oslo in 1915. My works of this time, up to 1924 , are all in the search for an image which would fuse the sculptural element with the architectural element into one unit. The command of several languages contributed greatly to Gabo's mobility throughout his career. 'From the very beginning of the Constructive Movement it was clear to me that a constructed, , Tate Gallery and Sotheby Parke-Bernet, London 1981, pp.236-7, reproduced p.236, Model for Construction in Space Two Cones, Model for Construction in Space Crystal. Since the 1950s, Gabo had been reworking many of his sculptural designs as public installations - including a 25-metre sculpture for the Bijenkorf Department Store in Rotterdam, completed in 1957 - and this activity gathered pace towards the end of his life. Visit iiif.io to learn more. Intended to demonstrate ideas from modern geometry and physics, Gabo's use of space within sculpture stands alongside Stphane Mallarm's incorporation of page-space into poetry, and John Cage's incorporation of silence into music, in epitomizing a modern, secular concern with expressing what is unknown as well as what is known: with void as well as form. Over the next two years, while living and working in the turbulent environment of post-Revolutionary Moscow, Gabo began to fall out with other artists, in a pattern that would become familiar. We would like to hear from you. WebNaum Gabo Russian-American Sculptor, Designer, and Architect Born: August 5, 1890 - Bryansk, Russia Died: August 23, 1977 - Waterbury, Connecticut, USA Movements and Styles: Constructivism , Kinetic Art , Bauhaus , Op Art , St Ives School , Biomorphism , Direct Carving Naum Gabo Summary Accomplishments Important Art Biography WebNaum Gabo, ein russischer Konstruktivist in Berlin 1922-1932: Skulpturen, Zeichnungen und Architekturentwrfe, Dokumente und Archive aus der Sammlung der Berlinischen Galerie, ed. This subtle interplay is complemented by the interplay of shadows on the pool of water below. This is not only in the material world surrounding us, but also in the mental and spiritual world we carry within us.". Set within the Perspex planes are opaquely colored, geometric floating shapes, and an open ring. Gabo grew up in a Jewish family of six children in the provincial Russian town of Bryansk, where his father, Boris (Berko) Pevsner, worked as an engineer.

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