The visual minimums at the time of the accident were actually inappropriate for using the standard approach to runway 28. Lutz was able to see the lights of villages below the plane, but he was much too far from the airport to see the runway lights, given the conditions.

WebThe captain (Hans Ulrich Lutz) has a list of incidents prior to flight 3597: 1990 - Accidentally retracts landing gear and writes off Saab 340 (HB-AHA) 1995 - Came within 300 ft of a lake while conducting a night approach to Lugano Airport, Switzerland 1999 - Flew 50 miles the wrong way on a sightseeing flight (HB-AKI, CRX4718) Joining them that night were three flight attendants and 28 passengers, well short of what they were expecting: a group of 21 tourists who had been booked on the flight never showed up, leaving the 97-seat plane more than two thirds empty.

Crossair Flight 3597 was a 410-mile-long flight from Berlin Tegel Airport (TXL) in Germany to Zurich Airport (ZRH) in Switzerland. Assisting the captain was 25-year-old First Officer Stefan Lhrer, who was fresh out of training with just 500 hours under his belt.

WebWhile Captain Lutz was an experienced pilot, his competence soon came under close scrutiny by investigators from the Swiss Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB). Of particular note in this case was the Avro RJ100, a distinctive four-engine, high-wing regional jet produced by Avro International Aerospace, a wholly owned subsidiary of British Aerospace. Without a substantial increase in the number of adequately trained inspectors, ICAO wrote, the industry may become essentially self-regulating. The behavior of employees at all levels of Crossair, from pilots all the way to management, showed that this was already occurring.

Lutz made an additional error by not monitoring his Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) as he made his approach; the CVR recorded Lutz's running narrative on nearly every move he made in the cockpit, but did not record any readout of the DME after a check, verified by Loehrer, at 6 nautical miles (11km; 6.9mi) from runway 28. prior to that he nearly crashed into lake, got lost in Italy, and destroyed a Saab 340 by retracting its gear on the ground

The aircraft involved in the accident had a ground proximity warning system derived from the original model that entered service in the 1970s, and it was unable to predict the impending crash.

What had the pilot done many times before? MINIMUMS, said the ground proximity warning system, informing them that they had reached their pre-set minimum radio height of 300 feet above the ground.

He was required to inform Crossair of this second job so that company dispatchers could ensure he complied with flight duty time limits, but while airline management knew of Lutzs activities on an informal basis, no attempt was made to ensure that he adhered to regulatory limits.

Investigators concluded that the answer was yes. After being hired by Crossair in 1979, his performance was negatively assessed by an inspector from what was then the Federal Aviation Office; however, later that year responsibility for evaluating pilots was devolved to the airlines, and for 17 years Crossair never once criticized his aptitude.

Let us know what topics you would like to discuss with fellow SWI readers. Lutz was an extremely experienced pilot with more than 19,500 flight hours approximately 19,300 of which were as pilot in command. This content was published on November 27, 2001, Your enhanced Profile Data is being used once you start to contribute to the community.

Two four, the minimum, said Lutz. Upon arrival in Zurich about an hour later, it was cleared to approach runway 28 in poor visibility conditions due to low clouds; the cockpit voice recorder captured the transmission of a previously landing Crossair flight informing the tower that they could not see the runway until 2.2 nautical miles (4.1km; 2.5mi) away. WebHans Ulrich Lutz has been listed as a noteworthy biochemist, researcher by Marquis Who's Who.

1 Dec 1939 : Offiziersanwrter: 1 Nov 1940 : In spite of those demonstrated deficiencies, however, Crossair continued to allow Lutz to fly passengers (reportedly due to a shortage of qualified Crossair pilots), and Lutz continued to demonstrate his overall deficiencies as a line pilot. In a fog of overconfidence and bravado, determined to get his plane on the ground as quickly as possible, he made the oldest mistake in the book an error that no pilot in the 21st century ought to have made. You can find an overview of ongoing debates with our journalists here. WebCaptain Hans Ulrich Lutz and First Officer Stefan Loehrer were the cockpit crew of Crossair Flight 3597 that night on 24thNovember 2001. In command of the flight was 57-year-old Captain Hans Ulrich Lutz, a veteran pilot with nearly 20,000 flight hours and a 22-year career at Crossair.

[2] Even though Lutz finally realized that his inability to see the runway meant he needed to initiate a missed approach maneuver (called a "go-around"), his call for the go-around came too late; the plane's engines were not able to spool up fast enough to generate sufficient thrust to climb above the hill that had been obstructing his view, and the plane crashed into the hilltop at 22:06 CET. Crossair Flight 3597 was a scheduled flight from Berlin Tegel Airport, Germany, to Zrich Airport, Switzerland. [2]:27. With both pilots suffering from fatigue and looking forward to getting on the ground, monitoring tasks started to slip away from them, beginning with their descent rate, then their distance from the airport. This officer had the right to conduct internal investigations, but since his appointment he had never actually done so, and he knew nothing about the problems with crew performance, which were typically dealt with by the respective fleet managers. It was only as they were descending toward 13,000 feet at 9:47, having already conducted a full approach briefing, that air traffic control informed them they would be landing on runway 28 instead.

They would discover a pilot with a history of outlandish misadventures that defied common sense. They managed to get away with this because the final approach ran over Lake Lugano, which (being perfectly flat) did not present any obstacles that would pose a hazard to low-flying planes. The charts included a new set of approach parameters, of which the higher minimum descent altitude (MDA) was the most crucial piece of information. But all of these difficulties by themselves werent sufficient to say much about Lutz, except that he was maybe a little bit slow to learn.

Ms visi esam niecga sastvdaa cilvces vstur, kuru aicinm rakstt kop! [2] At 22:07 CET, Flight 3597 crashed into a wooded range of hills near the small town of Bassersdorf, around 4 kilometres (2.5mi) short of the runway, where it broke apart and burst into flames. This GPWS worked by measuring the closure rate with the ground directly below the aircraft; it therefore could not warn of high terrain further along the flight path, and it never sounded a warning.

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Unlike a DA in a precision approach, an MDA requires that after crossing the Final Approach Fix, the pilot should descend and maintain MDA until the pilot reports that the runway is in sight, allowing the landing to safely be completed visually. Timenote.info, Biedrba, Abinfoserviss 2011-2020, Terms, Phone: +371 67 842135, E-mail: [emailprotected]. TAWS relies on a pre-programmed terrain database to predict collisions well in advance, a capability which could have prevented the accident. Just before the crash, the synthetic voice of the ground proximity warning system (GPWS) announced the radio altimeter reading 500 feet above ground. While Captain Lutz was an experienced pilot, his competency would come under close scrutiny during the course of the investigation, which concluded that the accident was a controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) caused by a series of pilot errors and navigation mistakes that led the plane off-course.

Little did he know it was already too late.

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Flight 3597 had originally been scheduled to land on runway 14, the main landing runway at Zrich, which was equipped with an ILS system that provides vertical and lateral guidance to the runway.

WebWhile Captain Lutz was an experienced pilot, his competence soon came under close scrutiny by investigators from the Swiss Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB). Just days before the crash, a report by the International Civil Aviation Organization sharply criticized the FOCA, noting that it employed only six full-time inspectors and took part in so little oversight activity that it was effectively useless.

WebCaptain Lutz had originally been scheduled to land on runway 14, the main landing runway at Zurich, a runway equipped with an Instrument Landing System (ILS) that handles virtually all tasks associated with landing an airplane, including using the plane's auto-pilot to control the angle and speed of descent; all the pilot is required to do in an

The approaches to runways 14 and 16 the two main runways at Zrich Airport both passed over German villages at relatively low altitude, so the two countries agreed that between 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., all airplanes landing in Zrich would use runway 28, which would route them over Swiss territory. WebWhile Captain Lutz was an experienced pilot, his competence soon came under close scrutiny by investigators from the Swiss Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB). [2]:12. Membership Member of European Complement Network (board member 2001-2006), European Association for Red Cell Research. They were tired, it was near the end of the working day, and they were now asked to perform a much more difficult approach for no operational reason.

This could be accomplished by referring to their distance measuring equipment, or DME, which indicated their distance from the VOR radio beacon at the airport. With Lutz at the controls, flight 3597 lifted off from Berlin Tegel Airport at 9:01 p.m., 21 minutes late. Sorry, max character limit in the header.

The crash of flight 3597, while directly caused by the captains decision to violate one of the cardinal rules of aviation, was therefore made possible by the collapse of Switzerlands aviation safety system at every level. That would be no easy task: the weather that night was poor, with a low cloud ceiling and visibility of 3,500 meters in mixed snow and rain.

The procedures, or the failure to follow them? He ended up in Italy, and was only made aware of this after circling the airport for several minutes, when

Peter Hogenkamp, founder and CEO of Swiss commercial blog service company Blogwerk AG, and his wife Jacqueline Badran survived the accident. Due to increased azimuth error associated with the use of VORs and lack of vertical guidance (glide slope), the MDA is therefore often higher than a DA (Decision Altitude) for an ILS. Remarkably, Crossair was never informed of the incident.

But at that moment they were actually 4.8nm (9km) from the runway. At 10:05, Captain Lutz noted that they were nearing the minimum descent altitude (MDA).

With poor visibility due to low cloud, a previous Crossair flight reported that they could not see the runway until they were two miles out. While Captain Lutz was an experienced pilot, his competency would come under close scrutiny during the course of the investigation, which concluded that the accident was a controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) caused by a series of pilot errors and navigation mistakes that led the plane off-course. Hopelessly crippled, the RJ100 struggled on for a further 200 meters, plunging down the back side of the ridge before slamming into the valley below. On 24 November 2001, the Crossair Avro RJ100 operating the route, registration HB-IXM,[1] crashed into a wooded range of hills near Bassersdorf and caught fire, killing 24 of the 33 people on board. In 1961, at the age of 17, he failed his very first entry exam to begin flight training.

Hans Ulrich Lutz, Swiss aviator with the Crossair airline, worked as a pilot-in-command and a training pilot, even though his competences were somewhat slim: flying a Saab 340, he failed an upgrade exam to MD-80 eight consecutive times; he crashed an aircraft while sitting on the tarmac (he tried to retract the gear to show the student . But work permits can be hard to come by. The aircraft was powered by four Lycoming LF507-1F turbofan engines. Before the crash, the plane had logged 13,000 flying hours with 11,500 takeoffs and landings. Several of those who survived also suffered serious injuries, including Passion Fruit singer Debby St. Maarten, who still required weekly medical care more than a decade after the crash effectively ending her music career. The episode is entitled "Cockpit Failure". Upon reaching MDA of 2,400 feet (730m), Lutz declared that he had "ground contact" and would continue on, then deliberately descended the plane below the minimum descent altitude (MDA) without having the required visual contact with either the approach lights or the runway, a major piloting error that ultimately led directly to the crash. Two seconds after applying go-around power, just as the plane began to level off, flight 3597 crashed headlong into a tree-covered ridge that stuck up into the clouds. After passing a point 6 nautical miles (11 kilometers) from the VOR, they would descend to their minimum descent altitude (MDA) of 2,390 feet, which they were required to maintain until they spotted the runway.

A series of accidents and incidents had occurred during Lutz's career as a training captain with Crossair, including multiple failures to upgrade his flight certifications to higher-complexity aircraft such as the MD-80 due to insufficient comprehension of computerized navigational systems. @cooperlund @tinybaby Crossair Flight 3597, Captain Hans Ulrich Lutz crashed his plane into a marked hill by the airport killing most of germany's spice girls.

Between 1963 and 1965, he was rejected three times from flight training due to insufficient education. In this particular incident, Lutz missed his approach into Sion and circled over what he thought was Sion's airport for several minutes before passengers spotted road signs in Italian; the navigation error had taken them over the St. Bernard Pass through the Alps, and the airport they had been circling was in fact located near Aosta, Italy. It lacked the margin of safety provided by an ILS and an MSAW system, both of which could have prevented the accident, and the approach itself was riddled with flaws. Hans Ulrich Schmied or Uli Schmied (born 1947), retired German rower who specialized in the double sculls. The accident came as a shock for Switzerland: this was the third major tragedy to befall the small country in the past several months, coming shortly after 15 people were killed in a terrorist shooting and 11 died in a major accident inside the Gotthard road tunnel. The flight departed Berlin Tegel Airport at 21:01 CET with 28 passengers, three flight attendants, and the cockpit crew of Captain Hans Ulrich Lutz (57) and First Officer Stefan Loehrer (25). A few moments later, the first officer got his own back by telling Lutz that he had let his speed get too high, forcing the captain to ease back on the throttle. Membership Member of European Complement Network (board member 2001-2006), European Association for Red Cell Research.

This brought the AAIB back to the decision to use runway 28 in the first place. (Curiously, however, Lutz had switched to the RJ100 so recently that Lhrer actually had more hours on type than he did.)

Please enter your email address so that the password reset email can be sent to you account. The fact that Loehrer made no attempt to prevent the continuation of the flight below the minimum descent altitude also directly contributed to the crash.

Even though Lutz finally realized that his inability to see the runway meant he needed to initiate a missed approach maneuver (called a "Go-around"), his call for the go-around came too late; the plane's engines were not able to spool up fast enough to generate lift sufficient to climb above the hill that had been obstructing his view, and it crashed into the hilltop at 22:06 CET.

This runway change forced Lutz to abandon his planned ILS approach and required Lhrer to consult the Jeppesen charts for runway 28. Really, how hard can it be?

Was this latest accident another case of poor-performing pilots slipping under the radar?

To understand this decision, the AAIB began looking through records and conducting interviews to piece together Lutzs flying history. [2]:23 The report also documented Lutz's role in causing the total loss of a Crossair Saab 340 by retracting its landing gear while it was still on the apron,[2]:25 which led to Crossair relieving him of his flight instructing duties in 1991. Lutz was probably moonlighting as a flight instructor not because he loved teaching, but because Crossair didnt pay him enough to get by. This was a VOR/DME approach, meaning that the navigational aids would help them align with the runway, but they would be personally responsible for ensuring that they were at certain altitudes at certain distances from the airport. While briefly circling in a holding pattern, the pilots went over the approach to runway 28. The result of this lack of enforcement was that pilots started making up their own informal procedures rather than following the published guidelines.

Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Was it really one mans bad decision, or was it a perfect storm of adverse circumstances?

Then in 1991, while undergoing a route check, he failed to comply with an ATC instruction, flew into the wake of a Boeing 747, and forgot to tell the flight attendants to be seated for landing.

As they descended, the lights of a village became visible, prompting the captain to say he had the ground in sight. What actually happened was much worse than that. All of that having been said, the mentality of pilots like Hans Ulrich Lutz continues to mystify. Based on his statements, he believed he had reached the point where the previous flight said they saw the runway that is, 2.2nm (4km) out. The cockpit voice recording begins some 35 minutes later, just in time to catch Captain Lutz giving First Officer Lhrer a long (and totally unnecessary) lecture about how to interpret a runway report. @cooperlund @tinybaby Crossair Flight 3597, Captain Hans Ulrich Lutz crashed his plane into a marked hill by the airport killing most of germany's spice girls. This report would play a critical role in the events to follow. I have ground contact, were continuing at the moment we have ground contact, were continuing on. Instead of leveling off at the MDA, he kept right on descending.

A password reset e-mail has been sent to your address. At that time, Swissair was grounded exactly one month before the crash.

I also flew with him when I started and I can judge that," he said during a news conference at the airline's headquarters in Basel.The co-pilot of Lutz, who worked for Crossair for 22 years, was the 25-year-old Stefan Loehrer, who had only finished his training with Crossair in Januar this year.Although both flight recorders, known as the "black boxes", have been recovered and are under examination in Paris, it is still unclear who was at the controls when the 97-seat airliner went down.Results of the examinations are not expected before Wednesday.swissinfo with agencies.

Loehrer, in contrast, was inexperienced with just 490 total flight hours. The lights of another village were just visible through the fog, so he again said, We have ground contact..

Born : 22 Aug 1922: Berlin-Treptow: Died : 27 Dec 1950 (28) Moscow, Russia: If you can help with photo or any information on this Officer please contact us at gummi@uboat.net. At the time of the accident, Lutz had been flying for 13 hours, only part of which was with Crossair, and his rest breaks were almost always too short because he would invariably spend part of his designated rest time working at the flight school.

That changed in 1996 when he attempted to upgrade to the McDonnell Douglas MD-83, only to fail out of conversion training twice because of difficulty with the autoflight systems. This runway change forced Captain Lutz to abandon his planned ILS approach and required First Officer Loehrer to consult the Jeppesen charts for runway 28. Upon approaching Zurich at 20:58:50 UTC, Crossair Flight 3597 received clearance from air traffic controller to land on runway 28 in poor visibility conditions due to low clouds instead of runway 14. Born : 22 Aug 1922: Berlin-Treptow: Died : 27 Dec 1950 (28) Moscow, Russia: If you can help with photo or any information on this Officer please contact us at gummi@uboat.net.

There was supposed to be a group of 21 tourists on the flight, but they never showed up, leaving the 97-seat plane two-thirds empty.

This environment at Crossair went undetected by the Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA), the Swiss equivalent of the FAA, because the agency was critically understaffed. At that time, Swissair was grounded exactly one month before the crash.

Your web browser is outdated. WebExperienced pilot One of the two pilots, who were both killed in the crash, was an experienced pilot with a record of more than 19,000 flying hours. Loehrer hesitated before replying "Yes". "We want to act quickly and unbureaucratically," he said.The payment is supposed to cover immediate expenses such as recovery efforts, repatriation and funeral costs.Crossair will make further payments to victims' families and survivors in the coming weeks.The amounts will depend on the actual damage suffered by each passenger.

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WebCaptain Hans Ulrich Lutz and First Officer Stefan Loehrer were the cockpit crew of Crossair Flight 3597 that night on 24thNovember 2001. Crossair Flight LX 3597 was a scheduled flight from Berlin Tegel Airport, in Germany, to Zurich Airport, in Switzerland.

Tree trunks ripped through the right wing, causing the engines to fail; the fuel tank burst and a stream of fuel erupted into a great jet of fire as the plane surged out the other side of the forest. However, flight simulators programmed with the time of day, terrain, and weather Lutz was facing at that time allowed investigators to determine that the only ground Lutz or Lhrer could see was the ground of the hilly terrain over which the plane was flying. WebAlfred Schulze-Hinrichs (6 November 1899 23 June 1972) was a Kapitn zur See with the Kriegsmarine during World War II and a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross .

WebHans-Ulrich Hanitsch Oberleutnant zur See (Crew XII/39) No ships sunk or damaged. Dont ever descend below the MDA if you cant see the runway. prior to that he nearly crashed into lake, got lost in Italy, and destroyed a Saab 340 by retracting its gear on the ground

"[5] Lhrer hesitated before replying, "Yes". Select any of the newsletters below to "Subscribe" with your email address {0}. A lack of oversight from the federal government allowed Crossair to develop this unsafe culture. Regarded as an exceptionally quiet plane, Swiss carrier Crossair was the largest operator of the Avro RJ100, with 16 aircraft in its fleet. The AAIB noted that despite his immense experience, Lutz made several fairly basic mistakes during the approach that raised questions about his mental state at the time of the crash. The runway they planned to land on that night was runway 14, which was fully equipped with an instrument landing system. In fact, if flight 3597 had maintained the MDA up to the point where the runway became visible, they would have had to perform their final descent at an angle greater than 6 degrees, much steeper than is considered safe.

Consequently, he continued through the MDA and crashed into a hill. But as their speed dropped from 160 knots to 116 knots due to the extension of the flaps and landing gear, Captain Lutz kept their descent rate at 1,200 feet per minute, causing them to reach the MDA too far from the airport. The nine survivors, two of whom are said to be in critical condition in hospital, have not yet been identified.Five Swiss nationals were among the victims, three of whom were members of the crew.

WebIt carries 28 passengers and 5 crew members, which include Hans Ulrich Lutz, a 57 year old Captain, and Stefan Loehrer, a 25 year old First Officer.

The CVR records Lutz and Loehrer discussing "the 14 approach" as well as Lutz's request that Loehrer call out the height when the plane reaches 100 feet above DA (Decision Altitude The altitude at which an immediate decision to land or initiate a missed approach must be made).

Believing that he had already reached the point where the previous crew spotted the runway lights, he decided to deliberately descend below the MDA in an attempt to break through what he thought must be a thin layer of cloud preventing him from copying his colleagues successful landing. [2]:12.

Captain Crash: Hans Ulrich Lutz (the pilot of Crossair Flight 3597) was almost this in real-life, to the point where he once wrecked a plane by retracting the landing gear on the runway. At 22:07 CET, the airplane crashed into a wooded range of hills near the small town of Bassersdorf, around 4km (2.5 miles) short of the runway, where it broke apart and went up in flames. Lutz immediately pushed the throttles to go-around power and pulled up to abandon the approach. Hans Ulrich von Schaffgotsch (15951635), Silesian nobleman, fought in the Silesian front of the Thirty Years' War. Despite this, Crossair continued to let him fly even though he had nearly crashed while trying to land at Lugano Airport (LUG). The visual minimums at the time of the accident were actually inappropriate for using the standard approach to runway 28. The CVR records Lutz and Lhrer discussing "the 14 approach"[5] as well as Lutz's request that Lhrer call out the height when the plane reached 100 feet above DA (decision altitude the altitude at which an immediate decision to land or initiate a missed approach must be made). Indeed, the FOCA had never once audited Crossair to ensure it was complying with regulations! The MDA states the minimum altitude in MSL to safely fly above any obstructions or terrain in the final approach flight-path before visual contact with the runway is made. TIL that Captain Lutz, the pilot mainly responsible for the Crossair 3597 crash, piloted a sightseeing tour to the Alps in Switzerland.

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Not long after the crash, the Swiss Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) determined that it was a controlled flight into terrain. Why Switzerland needs workers from abroad, SWI swissinfo.ch certified by the Journalism Trust Initiative. His first officer was 25-year-old Stefan Lhrer, a new hire fresh out of training who had less than 500 total hours. The final report of the AAIB states that other factors also contributed to the accident: The hourlong Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic TV series Mayday featured the crash in a Season 10 episode titled Cockpit Failure.[6].

In just a few seconds, it was all over: the plane crashed to earth in a forest and ground to an abrupt halt, sending a wall of fire tearing through the mangled wreckage.

Crossair says it is to pay immediate compensation to relatives of the victims and survivors of Saturday's crash.

When Loehrer reported the plane reaching 100 feet above MDA, the CVR records Lutz asking Loehrer, "Do we have ground contact?"

@cooperlund @tinybaby Crossair Flight 3597, Captain Hans Ulrich Lutz crashed his plane into a marked hill by the airport killing most of germany's spice girls. Furthermore, other pilots who had flown with Lutz confirmed that he tended to run a one-man operation and rarely took input from his first officers.

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